A Level Chemistry OCR Practice Exam

What is biodegradable material?

1. A substance that cannot be decomposed

2. A material resistant to environmental degradation

3. A substance that is broken down by living organisms

4. A synthetic compound

The correct answer is: A substance that is broken down by living organisms

Biodegradable material refers to substances that can be naturally broken down by living organisms, primarily microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This process involves the degradation of the material into simpler substances, often resulting in non-toxic byproducts that can be reintegrated into the environment. The essence of biodegradability lies in the capacity of these materials to decompose effectively without harming the ecosystem. Examples include natural materials like paper, food waste, and certain types of plastics that are designed to degrade over time. Understanding this concept is crucial in discussions about waste management and environmental conservation, as the use of biodegradable materials can significantly reduce landfill waste and pollution compared to non-biodegradable counterparts.